Cyber-physical systems (CPS) refer to integrated systems of computational algorithms and physical components that interact with each other and the environment in a feedback system. These systems are designed to be autonomous, adaptive, and responsive in order to monitor and control physical processes. CPS are commonly used in various applications such as smart buildings, autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and industrial automation. Researchers in this field focus on developing algorithms, protocols, and architectures for efficient integration of computational and physical components, as well as ensuring the security and reliability of these systems. Overall, CPS research aims to advance the development of intelligent and interconnected systems that can optimize performance and enhance capabilities in a wide range of domains.